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Getting the Facts Straight on Per Pupil Spending in California

Julia-Rosen.gif
By Julia Rosen

Dan Walters is out with a column arguing that our schools have plenty of money already. He describes the education community and Democratic legislators as "howling" about Schwarzenegger's proposed bugdet, which slashes education spending and has already resulted in 20,000 education professionals getting pick slips.

Naturally, the Republicans are attempting to claim that we are already spending too much on school administration costs and education reforms. They point to California's poor scores on standardized tests as a reason to cut school funding even more. Somehow logic seems to be eluding them.

Walters bases his column on numbers released by the Census Bureau, based on what he calls "hard numbers", but when you dig into them, they actually undermine Walter's argument. (check the flip)

The Census Bureau report strongly refutes the oft-cited "fact" that California is near the bottom in per-pupil school spending. The national average was $9,138 in 2005-06. California was at $8,486, with New York the highest at $14,884 and Utah the lowest at $5,437 - one of 22 states, in fact, that fell below California's level.

In terms of school revenues, California was 25th among the states at $10,264 per pupil, just under the national average. It was above average in per-pupil income from federal and state sources and about $1,700 per pupil below average in local revenues, thanks to Proposition 13, the 1978 property tax limit measure.

Walters is arguing that below average is just peachy. Keep in mind that these figures are not adjusted for cost of living, just straight expenditures. The Education Coalition naturally has a few things to say about these numbers and points out a few details that Walters conveniently skipped over:

“The Census Bureau numbers show that California still spends $652 less per student than the national average, even though their figures on "student spending" include funds from outside the state that never make it into the classroom, which arguably inflate the figures. The Census Bureau estimates lump in payments made into the state retirement system, as well as federal funding beyond what the state spends. But even including those calculations, California's significantly below-average spending on students is abysmal. By comparison, the non-partisan national publication Education Week issued a report showing that California spends $1,900 less than the national average, because it only includes the actual funds spent by each state on each student.”

Back to the cost of living discussion....even though we have extremely high costs, housing in particular, our teachers are still paid below the national average on a per pupil basis: $3,479 in California - compared to the national average of $3,811.

More from the Education Coalition:

“The report also shows that California ranks 49th out of 51 states in the amount of funds spent on "general administration," which includes spending on the Board of Education and Executive Administrative Services, including the office of the Superintendent.”

Those figures directly undercut the arguments of the Republicans about our school administration.

California also ranks dead last in funds spent on transportation services, according the Census Bureau. This is a budget item that many school districts are having to cut even further with the proposed $4.8 billion in funding cuts, making it even more difficult for students in both rural and urban areas to get to school.

Remember the heralded studies that the governor put together in advance of his "year of education", guess what they said about education spending? We need more investment in our students and our classrooms not less.

The legislature needs to hold the line on the budget. We cannot afford not to invest in our future.

Julia Rosen blogs on Calitics where this article first appeared. It is republished with her permission.

Posted on April 03, 2008

Comments

Did/does the author of this article connect the dots within her own research?

She opined here:

"It was above average in per-pupil income from federal and state sources and about $1,700 per pupil below average in local revenues, thanks to Proposition 13, the 1978 property tax limit measure."

And then:

"Back to the cost of living discussion....even though we have extremely high costs, housing in particular,..."

Do you understand WHY Proposition 13 was put in place by a majority of voters now?


Posted by: Jay Gould at April 3, 2008 08:35 AM

I hear these arguments re: per capita spending per student, and it makes me cringe when people attempt to simply what is a complex issue.

Welcome to sound bite thinking! Maybe if we spent more on education we would be able to think more clearly and completely.

Fact. Property taxes have increased over the long haul because home prices have gone up. Had Prop 13 not been put in place, home values could not have increased at the same rate they have.

We can't have it both ways. Either we pay higher taxes or we keep the median price of homes lower.

Fact. California's budget has major problems that the people and politicians don't have the political will to fix. For instance, many programs have built in formulas which automatically increase spending, and we are unwilling to raise taxes. This puts further strain on the State's fiscal resources.

Something has to give (and it has - California is headed for $16 BILLION in debt this year).

Fact. Teachers generally say (scream?) that their pay is too low AND that we don't spend enough per student.

However, let's look at some of the hidden costs to education - teachers' retirement benefits. Teachers are one of the few (if not the only) group which receive LIFETIME medical benefits. Tell me that this doesn't take away from the $$$ that districts can spend on students.

Pay me today, or pay me tomorrow. You can't have it both ways.

Fact. Student test scores are low. So what do we do - blame the teachers that they are not doing a good job, and implement a "No Child Left Behind" program?

Here's the problem. If we want to improve something 5%, we work 5% harder - right? What if we want to improve something 50%? 100%? Work that much harder? It's impossible.

There are structural problems wrong in education that need to be addressed. Making people work harder (or throwing more money at it as in per capita spending) ISN'T GOING TO WORK.

Remember the iceberg - 13% is above the water whereas 87% is below. We have to fix what is below the surface, the structure and processes, before we will see any improvement on what is above the surface.

Bottom line, there are no free lunches, nor are there simple solutions. We must come up with real solutions which will work, and not everyone will get what they want. Welcome to the real world.

Einstein said that we cannot solve today's problems with the same mentality which created them. We must set aside our special interests (such as teachers' unions) to do what is best for our kids - get them educated.

Lest we forget, we are educating the generations which will be the leaders of our country and (hopefully) take care of us in our senior years. Scary thought that we are doing so poorly by them . . .

D

Posted by: Dr. Drumm McNaughton at April 3, 2008 06:36 PM

The "per pupil" spending statistics are easily manipulated and are misleading. How about these numbers for the 2007-2008 budget for the Los Angeles Unified School District: total budget $19,500,000,000 (actual was $19.986 billion) for an enrollment of 691,897 students. That looks like $28,179 per student to me.

Posted by: GHDavidson at January 20, 2009 12:58 PM

That fact of the matter is that I can put my child in private school for $2,500 a year. My child is better educated, safer, has smaller class sizes (15-20) and the paying parents are a part of the decision making process.
Oh, how I remember that glint of resentment my children’s public school teachers reserved for any parent with a suggestion or concern. It is a wall between elite educators, administrators and the unknowing public.
I wonder what the ratio is between educators and administrators here in California’s public schools. ; 1 teacher to 10 admin personnel? In our private school we have one administrator, two part time secretaries, one part time accountant and one part time handy man. The educator count is 8 teachers, 2 daycare workers and 150 or so students.

Posted by: James D Stewart at February 16, 2009 03:04 PM

That fact of the matter is that I can put my child in private school for $2,500 a year. My child is better educated, safer, has smaller class sizes (15-20) and the paying parents are a part of the decision making process.
Oh, how I remember that glint of resentment my children’s public school teachers reserved for any parent with a suggestion or concern. It is a wall between elite educators, administrators and the unknowing public.
I wonder what the ratio is between educators and administrators here in California’s public schools. ; 1 teacher to 10 admin personnel? In our private school we have one administrator, two part time secretaries, one part time accountant and one part time handy man. The educator count is 8 teachers, 2 daycare workers and 150 or so students.

Posted by: James D Stewart at February 16, 2009 03:05 PM

Isn't it wonderful that in our country we have the option to choose the type of education we want for our children? I am a public school teacher at a Title I school. Oh, how I would welcome a parent with a suggestion or concern in my classroom!
Let's not be so quick to blame the teachers. It takes more than just a teacher to raise citizens for the future. It takes participation from the parents, and the community. The African proverb: It takes a village to raise a child, should become our motto.
Parents need to become involved in the school and their child's life. Check their homework, read with them, discuss their day with them, provide life experiences for them, get them to school and on time, and love them and make them feel safe. Those reading this may say, I do; however, there are many parents who are not reading this or cannot read this entry, and they do not spend the time with their child.
Getting the community involved in schools is another challenge. No one has the time or resources to host an event or volunteer to spend time with students. Our local library is the only community entity that hosts events, and sends volunteers to our school to read to students.
We can blame and judge teachers, administrators, and budget cuts for low test scores. Blaming and judging do not solve the problems in our public schools. California has a diverse population with over 1.5 million students who speak a language other than English as their first language. There is also a large number of students whose family income is below the poverty level. Their parents may not have graduated from high school, may be incarcerated, on drugs, ect. These students come into school with limited vocabulary and background experiences needed to understand the curriculum.
In my opinion, teachers make an adequate salary. I did not go into teaching for the money. I went into teaching with a passion to educate children who could make decisions, think for themselves, and make a difference in our world. It takes more than just a teacher to raise citizens for the future.

Posted by: SLButler at March 15, 2009 08:51 AM

I think anyone interested in this subject should read the following:

http://cfx.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20080413/news_1n13pupil.html

This article points out that last year's 46th place ranking in per pupil spending was derived from 2004-05 spending figures but used a federal “geographic cost of education index” from 1990. The article further illustrates there are many rankings used by different entities. I personally am suspicious of any figure quoted by the teacher's union.

http://www.ocregister.com/articles/districts-student-students-2334859-school-revenue

This article argues that per pupil spending should not be the "guiding principle" in the education debate.

Posted by: Ellay at April 13, 2009 12:22 PM

They spend way less per Capita in India per student, but they're churning out students that would whoop an American student's butt quite thoroughly.

The issue isn't about money. It's about an inefficient schooling system, bad teachers who are protected by a politically powerful Union, and each and every parent that doesn't know how to raise a responsible kid.

Posted by: Nathan Lee at April 28, 2009 11:01 AM

our school system isn't merely inefficient, it has a perverse incentive structure. Public schools actually get increased funding for failure. That's a recipe for disaster.

Posted by: Some Guy at June 21, 2009 11:25 PM

How can CA be ranked 28th in overall spending and nearly last for actual student spending and general admin costs? Where's the rest of the money going? Not-general admin costs? Building Costs? I wish someone would post a simple chart that shows the complete makeup of per pupil costs and not just quote the version of the story that supports their case.

Posted by: mike at June 23, 2009 12:39 PM

How can CA be ranked 28th in overall spending and nearly last for actual student spending and general admin costs? Where's the rest of the money going? Not-general admin costs? Building Costs? I wish someone would post a simple chart that shows the complete makeup of per pupil costs and not just quote the version of the story that supports their case.

Posted by: mike at June 23, 2009 12:40 PM

How can CA be ranked 28th in overall spending and nearly last for actual student spending and general admin costs? Where's the rest of the money going? Not-general admin costs? Building Costs? I wish someone would post a simple chart that shows the complete makeup of per pupil costs and not just quote the version of the story that supports their case.

Posted by: mike at June 23, 2009 12:41 PM

Sorry for the above triple post. I only tried to post once. I found the NCES data for per pupil spending in CA...the percentages are as follows:

Instruction 60%
Student Support Services 5%
Instructional Staff Support 7%
General Admin 1%
School Admin 7%
Operation & Maintenance 10%
Student Transportation 2%
Other Support Services 4%
Food Services 4%

This same source has CA ranked 29th in overall per pupil spending, 28th for instructional spending, and 27th for overall support services spending. This is the full data not cherry-picked.

Posted by: mike at June 23, 2009 01:27 PM

Sorry for the above triple post. I only tried to post once. I found the NCES data for per pupil spending in CA...the percentages are as follows:

Instruction 60%
Student Support Services 5%
Instructional Staff Support 7%
General Admin 1%
School Admin 7%
Operation & Maintenance 10%
Student Transportation 2%
Other Support Services 4%
Food Services 4%

This same source has CA ranked 29th in overall per pupil spending, 28th for instructional spending, and 27th for overall support services spending. This is the full data not cherry-picked.

Posted by: mike at June 23, 2009 01:28 PM

California needs a voucher system. Then you would get end of the year bonuses to everyone like the real world rather than beginning of the year raises. Each teacher and public worker always believes its not them that is the problem. I am sure they are the good one. However for a 9k dollar voucher would go 3 times further in a competitive market than public. It is proven hence the 45 countries ahead of America in schools. Youtube John Stossels Stupid in America. Its great.

Posted by: Matt at June 27, 2009 10:00 AM

When are we going to start holding parents accountable? In our local schools we have children who are kept home, or brought in hours late, because the parents found it inconvenient to bring them at the correct time. Not to mention absolutely no support with their children's homework or even returning items to school. I know this from many years as a parent volunteer. I have no doubt that some places such as Utah can do well with less funds do to way less diversity and a very different culture. In California it is a harder job and would take more, not less, than the national average. Until we stop blaming teachers and hold parents accountable, we will not see any improvement. If you are not going to be a supportive parent, DON'T HAVE KIDS!

Posted by: kc at August 13, 2009 03:53 PM

Haven't heard anything here about unfunded federal mandates to educate kids with special needs. How much do you think it costs to educate a blind child? How much money do the feds give toward that expense? Not enough to cover the costs. Where do you think the rest of the money comes from? The general fund is where. So when you start looking at budgets and numbers of kids like Dr. Drumm McNaughton above, you need to be aware of what you are saying or it is simply misleading. And private schools that do a really good job, with a few exceptions, spend between 25,000 and 40,000 dollars per child, and much more for kids with special needs!

Posted by: Mike at September 19, 2009 01:01 PM

Haven't heard anything here about unfunded federal mandates to educate kids with special needs. How much do you think it costs to educate a blind child? How much money do the feds give toward that expense? Not enough to cover the costs. Where do you think the rest of the money comes from? The general fund is where. So when you start looking at budgets and numbers of kids like Dr. Drumm McNaughton above, you need to be aware of what you are saying or it is simply misleading. And private schools that do a really good job, with a few exceptions, spend between 25,000 and 40,000 dollars per child, and much more for kids with special needs!

Posted by: Mike at September 19, 2009 01:09 PM

Haven't heard anything here about unfunded federal mandates to educate kids with special needs. How much do you think it costs to educate a blind child? How much money do the feds give toward that expense? Not enough to cover the costs. Where do you think the rest of the money comes from? The general fund is where. So when you start looking at budgets and numbers of kids like Dr. Drumm McNaughton above, you need to be aware of what you are saying or it is simply misleading. And private schools that do a really good job, with a few exceptions, spend between 25,000 and 40,000 dollars per child, and much more for kids with special needs!

Posted by: Mike at September 19, 2009 01:10 PM

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