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Will Schwarzenegger Regulate Food Safety or Will We Have Future E. Coli Outbreaks?

Senate Committee Chair Pushing for Action

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By Frank D. Russo

Dean Florez chairs the California State Senate Select Committee on Food Borne Illnesses. He has held a series of hearings on the outbreak of E. coli that has been connected with California leafy green produce 22 times in the past 12 years. At least nine of these have been traced to the Salinas Valley.

Last week another report was issued on the deadly outbreak last year connected to California spinach. Florez has proposed a package of three specific pieces of legislation (SB 200, 201, and 202) to deal with the problem that keeps reoccurring. . He said: "It's time that we stop the merry-go-round of produce contamination, investigation, report and recommendations followed by the next outbreak."

Florez has asked a number of questions in hearings of his committee and has shown he's serious about this issue. Representatives of the Schwarzenegger Administration from the California Department of Health Services (DHS) to the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) have come off looking badly, either not having answers or giving responses that have strained credulity.

At the beginning of the month, the Los Angeles Times carried an article, "Gov.'s Stance an Obstacle for Spinach Safety Bills." In that article representatives of the Schwarzenegger Administration indicated that he preferred a "voluntary" approach, "self-regulation" in the form of marketing agreements. That led to many editorials questioning how food safety could be left to voluntary measures, and Florez himself likened it to "the fox guarding the chicken house."

In the Times article, it was indicated that Schwarzenegger would veto Florez' bills. Florez, who has worked cooperatively with Schwarzenegger in the past on legislation (and who has a signed photo from the Governor to his "workout buddy" in his office) was pointed in his response. He actually told the Governor, "The next one won't be on me, it'll be on you."

There is now an indication of at least a softening by the Governor on this life and death issue. In the April 2, 2007 edition of Fortune Magazine, there is the following passage in an interview with the Governor:

What should be the balance between government-driven vs. market-based solutions?

Market-based solutions alone won't work. It is up to us [in government] to say, Here are the laws: You have to inspect the milk so it's clean. You have to inspect the meat. If you screw up with the spinach, we have to take action to make sure people don't get sick. I never think of industry as being villains. I'm not for you getting taxed, if you're an oil company, just to punish you. But we [the government] have to guide you and say, this is the new direction we are going to go.

Florez says he was "unimpressed" by the report on those outbreaks which was finally issued Friday by the Department of Health Services in conjunction with the United States Department of Agriculture.

He accused those responsible for the public health and welfare of relegating themselves to the role of “simple spectators” by reiterating recommendations made in the past and failing to provide an action plan.

Florez was also stunned to learn that even now that a specific farm has been identified as the source of the E. coli – which has been officially connected to three deaths and hundreds of illnesses -- no fines or penalties against the grower or processor will be forthcoming.

DHS’ report officially ties the E. coli in September’s outbreak to spinach grown by Mission Organics on land leased from a cattle ranch and processed by Natural Selection Foods. At the time, Natural Selection Foods was processing spinach from the area in two facilities, one of which it was not licensed to operate. Florez will give DHS until Monday, April 9 to produce an action plan and present it at a hearing of the Senate Select Committee on Food-Borne Illness.

While the report’s authors say they cannot pinpoint the specific cause of September’s outbreak, they lay out any number of ways in which the produce could have been contaminated. Those possible causes highlight the number of risk factors specific to crops grown close to the ground such as lettuce and spinach, and to leafy greens grown in the Salinas Valley, where fields are prone to flooding which can introduce contaminated stream water to crops, and where wells – the report suggest – are not precluded from contamination.

The California Progress Report on Friday published an article by the retired soil scientist who worked with the USDA on the Soil Survey they published on Monterey County in the 1980's. He details what is known about the E. coli problem and its ties with water used for irrigation of crops.

In addition to his call for a hearing and an action plan from DHS, Florez issued the following statement:

“DHS has once again provided us with a laundry list of ‘recommendations’ included in their much anticipated report on the 2006 spinach E. coli contamination outbreak. The report sounds like a broken record – the report is devoid of any action plan on how their recommendations should or will be implemented, or by whom. I think it is very shameful that our state government, especially the agencies that are responsible for the health and welfare of the public, have relegated themselves to the position of simple spectators to the most deadly E. coli outbreak emanating from California.

On the face of it, the report highlights farming and processing practices that should be illegal or at minimum no longer used. And even more unconscionable is the fact that Natural Selection Foods was processing produce at a facility that they intended to purchase but yet were operating unlicensed. How a major produce processor can operate unlicensed and yet as a result face no fines or punishment that I am aware of is beyond me.

In reading the recommendations, I found it astounding that we are still talking about the same potential E. coli contamination hazard points that DHS investigators have mentioned in past reports. For example, take the first recommendation that ‘growing ready-to-eat crops in close proximity to livestock waste may result in an increased risk of contamination.’ It is such a simple observation that it begs the question of what DHS or CDFA has been doing for the past couple of years in terms of prevention given that we already know that cattle manure is a primary source of deadly E. coli O157:H7 and yet, once again, they recognize that crops being grown next to livestock waste is potentially dangerous?

Simply take another recommendation, for example, that ‘wells used for irrigating ready-to-eat crops should be constructed to preclude contamination.’ Are they saying that there are wells that are being used today that they are aware of that do not preclude contamination? Is there anyone even conducting cursory inspections of wells used to irrigate ready-to-eat produce?

With respect to the investigative portion of the report itself, there are parts that are riddled with a lack of information or examples where the investigation was not entirely thorough. For example, the report redacts the pH and chlorination levels found in water used to process spinach at Natural Selection Foods. Why is this information being kept secret? It also calls into question whether the methods for testing chlorine at Natural Selection Food were valid – ‘Mr. Daniels said they had done some validation of this method, but documentation of that validation was not received prior to the finalization of this report.’ Well, why not? Is Natural Selection Foods withholding critical information?

I think government has a much greater responsibility than simply scratching our heads and offering our recommendation that are so vague and devoid of meaning that they are more akin to opinions. It’s time for action. It’s time that we stop the merry-go-round of produce contamination, investigation, report and recommendations followed by the next outbreak. Agencies charged with protecting the public’s health have become little more than ‘report factories.’ I can understand how the public could question the ethics of the health professionals involved who are sworn to protect the public as well as state government at a whole, given the fact that we have and continue to be aware of the risk factors associated with E. coli outbreaks and have utterly failed to act.”

Consumer's Union has blasted the idea of voluntary compliance using marketing agreements. “If the leafy green industry ever hopes to regain consumer trust, it must be regulated by an authority other than itself,” Elisa Odabashian, Director of the West Coast Office of Consumer's Union said a recent hearing conducted by the USDA in Oakland. She added: “At this moment all across America, the consumer perspective is one of deep disappointment in government agencies, both at federal and state levels that have failed to safeguard the food supply.”

Indeed, it seems at times that we have not learned all that much since Upton Sinclair published "The Jungle" exposing abuses at the meatpacking plants in Chicago around the turn of the last century. As a result of meat inspections and regulations E. coli contamination of those products has decreased. The problem is now primarily with green leafy vegetables. It is time we adopt and enforce mandatory regulations to cover them. This is the least we can expect of government in the 21st Century.

Posted on March 26, 2007

Comments

We'll have future outbreaks of e coli whether or not Schwarzenneger "regulates food safety". One could argue they might get worse if government gets more involved in the food business since more people will assume food is safe and end up not bothering with common sense food sanitation measures on the consumer end.

Posted by: Fred Mangels at March 26, 2007 06:49 AM

Fred: Under your rationale, why bother to inspect meat, pass criminal laws, or have government do anything, since the problems will continue. You also miss the point with the E. coli outbreaks that there is no safe way consumers can handle leafy green vegetables tha have this contamination--washing, cooking, etc. does not make them safe. The exact problem that you identify--that consumers will assume it is safe--is the problem with a voluntary labelling program without enforcement.

Posted by: Frank D. Russo at March 26, 2007 08:17 AM

With regard to the first comment: "one could argue they [outbreaks] might get worse if government gets involved in the food business since more people will assume food is safe and end up not bothering with common sense food sanitation measures on the consumer end." Consumers should know that common sense sanitation measures don't work with leafy greens. At the recent FDA hearing in Oakland, the FDA admitted that washing does not eliminate contamination, as E.coli can be systemic. It is the job of government to ensure that all food that comes into the marketplace is safe. That can only be done by requiring that safety standards be put in place and are upheld on every farm and at every processing facility, regular inspections of farms and processing facilities, regular testing of foods for contaminants before they get to market, third party audits, and strict enforcement of good agricultural practices.

Posted by: Elisa Odabashian at March 26, 2007 09:38 AM

Yes, Good GMP's on farms do work to produce safe eatable vegetables but some insight into proper recordkeeping and agricultural practices at those farms would help in safer foods. There needs to be research on the causes and ways the spinach became contaminatied with ecoli H7 but the speed of traceback is what counts. What is troubling is that in all cases of the spinach recall,the traceback to the farms in question took months to find the correct fields because of the lack of better technology to do recordkeeping. Even the packing shed records and transport handler records were not efficient enough to do the FDA traceback in the required 24 hours as per the FDA 2002 Bioterrorism law.The mixing of many producers crops at the point of packaging never lead any records back to the farms in question within the required time.If this was a terrorism event,then hunderds of persons would have died before the problem sites could have been discovered.Traceback codes should be on every retail package to show where the product came from within seconds with the computer technology we have today.This would have saved the industry millions as only those 4 farms crop production would have been recalled,not the whole nations spinach production.Lives and sickness and lawsuits would have been keep at a mimimun.The result of the spinach fiasco is huge financial losses to the spinach and leafy greens industry because of improper traceback recordkeeping which needs to happen at the speed of commerence from retailer back to the field.


Posted by: William Kanitz at March 26, 2007 08:24 PM

Apparently, this will not address one of the main source of the problem : cattle. USDA dont seems to be very interrested in approval of a E coli vaccine that can reduce by 98% E coli in cattle acording to this study found on USDA website - http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/food/pdfs/smith.pdf

Posted by: Roland Desrosiers at March 28, 2007 08:58 AM

We need a traceback system but no amount of speed would have saved our mother last September. It does not solve the problem, it just tells you which other growers can go on doing business. It is the amount of E. coli 0175:H7 reduced in the world that is going to make the difference. The current Marketing Agreement or Marketing Order approach without addressing the rest of the problems like cattle are just feel good measures that will be deceptive. It take someone to force them, kicking and screaming if need be, to the table to work out the problems. After outbreak number 22 and watching the pain our mother went through, kicking and screaming works for me.

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